Purpose

The purpose of student discussions is to provide the opportunity for application of depression and anxiety screening tools to a selected case patient.

Activity Learning Outcomes

Through this discussion, the student will demonstrate the ability to:

Explain the purpose of two selected screening tools (CO7)
Interpret the scoring criteria of two selected screening tools (CO7)
Discuss the mechanism of action, side effects and expected onset of action for a selected medication (CO4)

Due Date: 

The initial posting to the graded collaborative discussions is due by Wednesday, 11:59 p.m. MT.

Peer responses and responses to faculty must be posted prior to the week deadline of Sunday 11:59 MT.

A 10% late penalty will be imposed for discussions posted after the deadline on Wednesday, regardless of the number of days late. NOTHING will be accepted after 11:59pm MT on Sunday (i.e. student will receive an automatic 0).

Total Points Possible: 70

Requirements:

Anxiety and depression are the most common psychiatric problems you will encounter in your primary care practice.

Review this case study

HPI: KF, 56-year-old Caucasian female presents to office with complaints of “no energy and not wanting to go out.” These symptoms have been present for about 3 months and seem worse in the morning and improve slightly through the day. It is hard to get out of bed and get the day started because does not feel rested when she wakes up in the morning.  KF reports a “loss of joy”. States” I really don’t feel like going anywhere or doing anything”.  She tries to do at least one social activity a week, but it can be really exhausting. Reports she also has difficulty completing projects for work, she cannot stay focused anymore. She reports not feeling hungry, so she is not eating regularly and has lost some weight.  KB has been a widow for 2 years. Her husband died unexpectedly, he had a MI. She recently got a puppy, which she thought would help with the loneliness, but the care of the puppy seems overwhelming at times. Rest and exercise, specifically yoga and meditation seem to help her feel better. At this time, she does not want to do either, it seems like too much effort to get up and go. She has not tried any medications, prescribed or otherwise. She reports drinking a lot of coffee, but that does not seem to help with her energy levels.

Current medications: Excedrin PM about once a week when she can’t sleep, seems to help a bit. NKDA.

PMH: no major illnesses. Immunizations up to date.

SH: widowed, employed full time as a consultant. Drinks 1 glass of wine almost every night. No tobacco use, no illicit drug use. Previously married 20 years ago while living in France, reports an abusive relationship. The French government gave custody of her son to the ex-husband. She returned to US without her son 10 years ago. She sees her son two times a year, they skype and text “all the time” but she misses him. Her son is now an adult and is considering moving to the US.

FH: Parents are alive and well. Has one son, age 21, he is healthy but lives in France with his father.

ROS

CONSTITUTIONAL: reports weight loss of 4-5 pounds, no fever, chills, or weakness reported. Daily fatigue.

HEENT: Eyes: No visual loss, blurred vision, double vision or yellow sclera. Ears, Nose, Throat: No hearing loss, sneezing, congestion, runny nose or sore throat.

CARDIOVASCULAR: No chest pain, chest pressure or chest discomfort. No palpitations or edema.

RESPIRATORY: No shortness of breath, cough or sputum.

GASTROINTESTINAL: Reports decreased appetite for about 3 months. No nausea, vomiting or diarrhea. No abdominal pain or blood.

NEUROLOGICAL: No headache, dizziness, syncope, paralysis, ataxia, numbness or tingling in the extremities. No change in bowel or bladder control.

GENITOURINARY: no burning on urination. Last menstrual period 4 years ago.

PSYCHIATRIC: No history of diagnosed depression or anxiety. Reports history of great anxiety due to verbal and concern for physical abuse, reports feeling very sad and anxious when divorcing and leaving her son in France. Did not seek treatment. She started to feel better after about 4 months.

ENDOCRINOLOGIC: No reports of sweating, cold or heat intolerance. No polyuria or polydipsia

ALLERGIES: No history of asthma, hives, eczema or rhinitis.

Discussion Questions:

Research screening tools for depression and anxiety. Choose one screening tool for depression and one screening tool for anxiety that you feel are appropriate to screen KF.
Explain in detail why each screening tool was chosen. Include the purpose and time frame of each chosen tool.
Score KF using both of your chosen screening tools based on the information provided (not all data may be provided, those areas can be scored as not present). Pay close attention to the listed symptom time frame for your chosen assessment tool.  In your response include what questions could be scored, and your chosen score.  Interpret the score according to the screening tool scoring instructions. Assume that any question topics not mentioned are not a concern at this time.
Identify your next step for evaluation and treatment for KF. Remember to consider both physical and mental health differential diagnoses when answering this question.   (2-3 sentences).
What medication or treatment is appropriate for KF based on her screening score today? Provide the rationale. Any medications should include the medication class, mechanism of action of the medication and why this medication is appropriate for KF. Include initial prescribing information.
If the medication works as expected, when should KF expect to start feeling better?

Solution:

Psychiatric Disorders and Screening

Research screening tools for depression and anxiety.

Screening tool for depression: Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9)

Screening tool for anxiety: GAD-7.

Explain in detail why each screening tool was chosen. Include the purpose and time frame of each chosen tool.

PHQ-9 is a multipurpose tool used to screen, diagnose, monitor, and measure depression severity. It incorporates the DSM-V diagnostic criteria for symptoms of depression into a brief self-report tool (Moriarty, Gilbody, McMillan, & Manea, 2015). The also rates symptoms’ frequency, a factor into the severity index scoring. The 9^th question is used to screen for suicide ideations. The reason for using this tool is because it can be used to patients of different age groups including K.F and is also used for follow-up which can -help to determine the patient’s progress. The non-scored follow-up question on the PHQ-9 is used to screen and assign weight to determine the extent to which the depressive symptoms have affects the functionality of the patient. More so, PHQ-9 has high validity in mental health and is significant powerful in assisting providers with diagnosis depression as well as monitoring one’s response to treatment. In addition, it is easy and fast to use and it takes 3 or less minutes to complete (Moriarty et al., 2015).

In regards to anxiety, GAD-7 is a 7-item instrument used for measuring or assessing generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and its severity. Each of the tool’s item asks the patient to rate his or her symptom’s severity over the last two weeks. The options for response include “not….Please click the icon below to purchase full answer at only $10